Zeziphi izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukomba?
Zininzi iintlobo ngeentlobo zezixhobo ezisetyenziswa emigodini, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lokomba (umngxuma ovulekileyo okanye ophantsi komhlaba) kunye nohlobo lwezimbiwa ezombiwayo.
1. Izixhobo zemingxuma evulekileyo : Idla ngokusetyenziswa ukumba iidipozithi zezimbiwa phezu okanye kufutshane nomphezulu. Ngenxa yendawo enkulu yokusebenza, izixhobo ezinkulu nezisebenzayo zinokusetyenziswa. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zomgodi ovulekileyo ziquka:
Izixhobo zokumba:
Excavator : Isetyenziselwa ukugrumba kunye nokulayisha i-ore okanye inkunkuma yamatye. Kukho ubungakanani obahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo ze-excavators, ezifana ne-backhoe excavators, i-excavators yefosholo yobuso, njl.
Izigrumba zamavili eebhakethi zisetyenziselwa ukomba omkhulu oqhubekayo wediphozithi ezithambileyo ezifana namalahle kunye nesanti yeoli.
Iintambo ezirhuqayo zisetyenziselwa ukususa umthwalo ogqithisileyo (ukuhlubula) kunye nokwemba idipozithi yeminerali engekho nzulu.
Izixhobo zothutho:
Iilori zemigodi zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha izixa ezikhulu zentsimbi ekrwada okanye inkunkuma yamatye ukusuka kwindawo yokuxhwilwa ukuya kwindawo yokutyumza, ukufumba okanye ukulahla inkunkuma yamatye. Ezi lori zihlala zinkulu kakhulu kwaye ziyakwazi ukuthwala amakhulu eetoni zezinto eziphathekayo.
Izihambisi zamabhanti zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha intsimbi ekrwada okanye inkunkuma yamatye ngokuqhubekayo kwimigama emide, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinomhlaba othambileyo.
Oomatshini bokudlulisa basetyenziselwa ukupakisha nokubuyisela imathiriyeli eninzi.
Izixhobo zokutyumza kunye nokuhlola:
I-Crusher : Isetyenziselwa ukwaphula intsimbi ekrwada ngokweesayizi ezincinci ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa kunye nokusebenza okulandelayo.
Umatshini wokuhlola : isetyenziselwa ukwahlula i-ore etyumkileyo ngokobukhulu.
Izixhobo zokwemba kunye nokuqhushumba:
I-Rotary drills kunye ne-down-the-hole drills : isetyenziselwa ukugrumba imingxuma ematyeni ukuze kulayishwe iziqhushumbisi ukuze ziqhume.
Izinto eziqhumayo kunye nezixhobo : ezisetyenziselwa ukuqhekeza ilitye eliqinileyo.
Izixhobo ezincedisayo:
I-Bulldozer : Isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa indawo, ukususa iindlela kunye nokufumba imathiriyeli.
Motor grader : esetyenziselwa ukugcina nokwakha iindlela zasemgodini.
Sprinkler : Isetyenziselwa ukucinezela uthuli.
2. Izixhobo zokumbiwa phantsi komhlaba zisetyenziselwa ukomba izimbiwa ezingcwatywe nzulu, nto leyo efuna iindlela zokugrumba kunye neetonela zokungena kumzimba wentsimbi. Ngenxa yonyino lwendawo, izixhobo zemigodi ephantsi komhlaba zikholisa ukuba zincinci kwaye zibhetyebhetye kunezixhobo zomgodi ovulekileyo. Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo zemigodi ephantsi komhlaba ziquka:
Izixhobo zokumba:
Iintloko zendlela : Isetyenziselwa ukombiwa koomatshini beendlela kunye neetonela, ngakumbi kwimigodi yamalahle namatye athambileyo.
Izixhobo zokubhola: Zixhotyiswe ngeengalo ezininzi zokomba, ezisetyenziselwa ukugrumba imingxuma kumatye aqinileyo ukuze kuqhunyiswe.
I-Rotary Drilling Rig : Isetyenziselwa ukugrumba i-shafts ezinkulu ezithe nkqo kunye ne-chute.
Izixhobo zemigodi:
Umgcini-mgodini oqhubekayo : Isetyenziswa kakhulu kwimigodi yegumbi kunye nentsika kwimigodi yamalahle, apho umthungo wamalahle ucinywa ngamadubhu ajikelezayo.
I-Longwall shearer : isetyenziswa kwimigodi emide ukusika amalahle kudonga olude lwamalahle.
Scraper : Isetyenziselwa ukulayisha kunye nokuthutha i-ore okanye inkunkuma yamatye, kunye nokuhamba kakuhle kwiindawo ezimxinwa.
Iilori zemigodi : Zisetyenziselwa ukuthutha izixa ezikhulu zentsimbi ekrwada okanye inkunkuma yamatye ngaphantsi komhlaba.
I-Scraper conveyor : isetyenziselwa ukuthutha amalahle kubuso obusebenzayo be-longwall.
Belt conveyor : Isetyenziselwa ukuthutha intsimbi ekrwada okanye inkunkuma yamatye kumgama omde.
Ukuveliswa kwemigodi yinkqubo epheleleyo edibanisa ukuhlola, ukuqhuma, ukutyumza, ukulayishwa, ukuthutha, ukukhangela, ukugcinwa kwempahla kunye nenkxaso yokhuseleko. Ikhonkco ngalinye lifuna ukusebenza ngokulungelelanisiweyo kwezixhobo ezininzi zobuchwephesha ukuphumeza ukubuyiswa ngokufanelekileyo nangokukhuselekileyo kwemithombo yezimbiwa.
Sixhobisa izithuthi zemigodi ngeerimu zobungcali. I-HYWG yiNombolo 1 yaseTshayina yomyili kunye nomvelisi wevili, kunye nengcali ekhokelayo kwihlabathi kuyilo lwecandelo lerim kunye nokuveliswa. Zonke iimveliso ziyilwe kwaye ziveliswa ngokwemigangatho ephezulu yomgangatho.
Sineqela lophando kunye nophuhliso eliqulunqwe ziinjineli eziphezulu kunye neengcali zobugcisa, zijolise kuphando kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha, kunye nokugcina indawo ehamba phambili kwishishini. Siye saseka inkqubo epheleleyo yenkonzo emva kokuthengisa ukubonelela ngenkxaso yobugcisa ngexesha nangempumelelo kunye nokugcinwa kwentengiso emva kokuthengisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba abathengi banamava agudileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Sineminyaka engaphezu kwama-20 yamava kwimveliso yamavili. Sinamava atyebe kakhulu kwimveliso nakwimveliso amavili emigodi.
Sibonelela ngeendidi ezininzi zamavili eVolvo, Caterpillar, Liebherr, John Deere, Huddig kunye nezinye iibrendi ezaziwayo.
Kutheni izithuthi zemigodi zifuna amavili akhethekileyo?
Izithuthi zemigodi kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngamavili ayilwe ngokukodwa (kuquka amavili kunye neerim) ngezizathu ezininzi:
1. Ukumelana neemeko zokusebenza ezigqithisileyo
Umthamo owomeleleyo womthwalo onzima: Intsimbi ekrwada ethuthwa zizithuthi zemigodi iphezulu ngokuxinana kwaye inzima ngobunzima, kwaye amavili kufuneka amelane nemithwalo yeetoni ezininzi okanye amakhulu eetoni.
Iimeko zomhlaba ezilukhuni: Iindawo zemigodi zihlala zihamba kunye nomhlaba onzima njengamatye abukhali, udaka, uthuli, imigodi, njl., ebeka iimfuno eziphezulu zokunganyangeki kunye nokumelana nokubhoboza kwamavili.
Ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zemozulu eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo: Eminye imimandla enemigodi inamaqondo obushushu aphantsi, ubushushu obuphantsi okanye ukufuma okuphezulu, yaye amatayara aqhelekileyo adla ngokuguga okanye angasebenzi.
2. Ukuphucula ukhuseleko kunye nokuzinza
Ukomelezwa kwesakhiwo esikhethekileyo samatayara (okufana ne-steel-steel radial structure) kunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo iingozi ezinjengokuqhunyiswa kwamatayara kunye nokuqengqeleka.
Idityaniswe noyilo lwerim yezimayini (njenge-5-piece piece lock lock ring structure), iqinisekisa ukuba ivili aliyityibiliki phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukhuseleko lokusebenza.
3. Ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokugcina
Izinto ezinamandla aphezulu kunye nesidumbu esityebileyo sinokumelana nokusebenza kwexesha elide kunye nokuqengqeleka ngokuphindaphindiweyo.
Uyilo olukhethekileyo lwepateni lunokunciphisa ukunxiba kokunyathela, ukuphucula ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, ukwandisa umjikelo wokutshintsha kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla.
4. Ukulungelelanisa kwiimfuno ezizodwa zezixhobo
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokumbiwa kwemigodi (ezifana neelori zokulahla eziqinileyo, iilori ezichaziweyo, ii-LHDs, iifotsholo zombane ezingaphantsi komhlaba, njl.njl.) zineemfuno ezizodwa ezihambelanayo zokuthwala umthwalo, ubukhulu, kunye nesakhiwo samavili.
Ezinye izixhobo, ezifana nezithuthi eziphantsi komhlaba, zifuna amatayara aqinileyo okanye amatayara asezantsi ukuze amkele iindlela eziphantsi.
5. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle
Uyilo lokubamba kwamavili kunye nomhlaba (ofana neepateni ezinzulu kunye noyilo olwandisiweyo) kunokuphucula ukudlula kunye nokuhamba kunye nokunciphisa ukutyibilika kunye nokuma.
Yenza ukuba izithuthi zemigodi zigcine isantya sokuthutha ngokukhawuleza phantsi komthwalo ophezulu, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa inani lemveliso ye-ore ngexesha leyunithi.
Inkampani yethu ibandakanyeka ngokubanzi kumasimi oomatshini bobunjineli, iirim zemigodi, iirim ze-forklift, iirim zoshishino, iirim zezolimo, amanye amacandelo kunye namatayara.
Oku kulandelayo bubukhulu obahlukeneyo beerimu ezinokuveliswa yinkampani yethu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo:
- Ubungakanani koomatshini bobunjineli:
| 8.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 10.00-25 |
| 11.25-25 | 12.00-25 | 13.00-25 | 14.00-25 | 17.00-25 | 19.50-25 | 22.00-25 |
| 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 | 13.00-33 |
- Ubungakanani berim yam:
| 22.00-25 | 24.00-25 | 25.00-25 | 36.00-25 | 24.00-29 | 25.00-29 | 27.00-29 |
| 28.00-33 | 16.00-34 | 15.00-35 | 17.00-35 | 19.50-49 | 24.00-51 | 40.00-51 |
| 29.00-57 | 32.00-57 | 41.00-63 | 44.00-63 |
- Ubungakanani bomphetho wevili leForklift:
| 3.00-8 | 4.33-8 | 4.00-9 | 6.00-9 | 5.00-10 | 6.50-10 | 5.00-12 |
| 8.00-12 | 4.50-15 | 5.50-15 | 6.50-15 | 7.00-15 | 8.00-15 | 9.75-15 |
| 11.00-15 | 11.25-25 | 13.00-25 | 13.00-33 |
- Imilinganiselo yerim yemoto yoshishino:
| 7.00-20 | 7.50-20 | 8.50-20 | 10.00-20 | 14.00-20 | 10.00-24 | 7.00x12 |
| 7.00x15 | 14x25 | 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 16x17 | 13x15.5 | 9x15.3 |
| 9x18 | 11x18 | 13x24 | 14x24 | DW14x24 | DW15x24 | 16x26 |
| DW25x26 | W14x28 | 15x28 | DW25x28 |
- Oomatshini bezolimo ubungakanani bomphetho wevili:
| 5.00x16 | 5.5x16 | 6.00-16 | 9x15.3 | 8LBx15 | 10LBx15 | 13x15.5 |
| 8.25x16.5 | 9.75x16.5 | 9x18 | 11x18 | W8x18 | W9x18 | 5.50x20 |
| W7x20 | W11x20 | W10x24 | W12x24 | 15x24 | 18x24 | DW18Lx24 |
| DW16x26 | DW20x26 | W10x28 | 14x28 | DW15x28 | DW25x28 | W14x30 |
| DW16x34 | W10x38 | DW16x38 | W8x42 | DD18Lx42 | DW23Bx42 | W8x44 |
| W13x46 | 10x48 | W12x48 | 15x10 | 16x5.5 | 16x6.0 |
Iimveliso zethu zikumgangatho wehlabathi.
Ixesha lokuposa: May-23-2025